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be strong and brave

  • 1 ἰσχύω

    ἰσχύω fut. ἰσχύσω; 1 aor. ἴσχυσα; pf. ptc. sg. n. ἰσχυκός (Da 4:20 Theod.) (s. ἰσχύς; Pind.+ in sense ‘be strong, prevail’)
    ① be in possession of one’s physical powers, be in good health οἱ ἰσχύοντες those who are healthy (Soph., Tr. 234; X., Cyr. 6, 1, 24, Mem. 2, 7, 7) Mt 9:12; Mk 2:17.
    ② to have requisite personal resources to accomplish someth., have power, be competent, be able
    ⓐ πολύ be able to do much (cp. Diod S 1, 60, 2 πλέον ἰ.; 4, 23, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 88 §371 τοσοῦτον ἰ.; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 77 μεῖζον ἰ., Ant. 15, 88 πλεῖστον ἰ.) Js 5:16. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη … ἰσχύει what strength humility has 1 Cl 21:8; πάντα Phil 4:13. εἰς οὐδέν be good for nothing Mt 5:13. ὅτε … ἴσχυσας τῇ ἰσχύι σου, ὥστε δύνασθαι Hs 9, 1, 2.
    ⓑ w. inf. foll. (Diod S 1, 83, 8; Plut., Pomp. 58, 6; PEleph 17, 23; POxy 396; 533, 16; 1345 οὐκ ἴσχυσα ἐλθεῖν σήμερον; LXX; TestSol 22:8; JosAs 10:8; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 367, Ant. 2, 86; Just., A I, 44, 12 al.; Tat. 15, 3) Mt 8:28; 26:40; Mk 5:4; 14:37; Lk 6:48; 8:43; 14:6, 29f; 20:26; J 21:6 (the only instance in J; s. JBoismard); Ac 6:10; 15:10; 25:7; 27:16; 2 Cl 18:2; Hv 1, 3, 3. Be strong enough σκάπτειν to dig Lk 16:3; cp. Hv 3, 8, 8. εἰς τὰς ἀκτίνας … ἀντοφθαλμῆσαι gaze at the (sun’s) rays B 5:10. Abs., though the inf. can easily be supplied fr. the context (as Sir 43:28) οὐκ ἴσχυσαν (ἐκβαλεῖν) Mk 9:18. οὐκ ἰσχύσουσιν (εἰσελθεῖν) Lk 13:24.
    ③ to be in control, have power, be mighty (Diod S 11, 23, 3; PPetr II, 18, 12; Just., D. 90, 4) ὁ λόγος ηὔξανεν κ. ἴσχυεν Ac 19:20. μέχρι πότε θάνατος ἰσχύσει; how long will death hold its power? GEg 252, 50. ἰ. ἐν αὐταις (ταῖς ἐντολαῖς)= be strong in keeping the commandments Hm 5, 2, 8 v.l. Win out, prevail (Thu. 3, 46, 3; Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 19; ParJer 1:6 ἴσχυσα ἐπὶ τὴν ἱερὰν πόλιν) ὁ δράκων οὐκ ἴσχυσεν Rv 12:8. κατά τινος over, against someone Ac 19:16. MPol 3:1; cp. 9:1 ἴσχυε … καὶ ἀνορίζου be strong and brave (in faith).
    ④ have meaning, be valid, be in force, esp. as legal t.t. (Diod S 2, 33, 1; Aelian, VH 2, 38 νόμον ἰσχύειν; SIG 888, 59; 151 ἴσχυσεν τὰ προστάγματα; PTebt 286, 7 νομὴ ἄδικος οὐδὲν εἰσχύει; Ath. 2, 2) of a will μήποτε ἰσχύει ὅτε ζῇ ὁ διαθέμενος Hb 9:17. οὔτε περιτομή τι ἰσχύει, οὔτε ἀκροβυστία neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything Gal 5:6.— Have the value of (IGR IV, 915a, 12 ἡ δραχμὴ ἰσχύει ἀσσάρια δέκα; Jos., Ant. 14, 106) ὅλον ἐνιαυτὸν ἰσχύει ἡ ἡμέρα the day is equal to a whole year Hs 6, 4, 4.—DELG s.v. ἰσχύς. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἰσχύω

  • 2 ἐύς

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `good, brave, (in war) strong' (ep. Il.), only of men, never in fem. (s. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 37ff.); ntr. ἐΰ, εὖ `good' (A., E.), mostly as adverb `well' (Il.).
    Other forms: also ἠΰς, ἠΰ (s. below), gen. sg. ἐῆος, ἑ-, gen. pl. n. ἐά̄ων (at verse-end, e. g. δωτῆρες ἐάων θ 325)
    Dialectal forms: Myc. names with eu-, e.g. Eumene \/Eumenēs\/.
    Compounds: Very often as 1. member, both adject. and adverbial.
    Derivatives: ἐυτής (cod. ἐητής) ἀγαθότης H.; on the accent Wackernagel-Debrunner Philol. 95, 177. - Note further ἠέα αγαθά H.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] *u̯esu- `good'; and\/or [342] * h₁(e)su- `good'
    Etymology: The Greek forms present several problems. As for ἠΰς beside ἐΰς, old ablaut (Schulze Q. 33ff.) is very improbable, it must prob. be connected with metrics ( ἠΰς mostly in expressions at the end of the verse; Schwyzer IF 38, 159ff.); analogical introduction of the length from compounds, e. g. ἠΰ-κομος, where metrical lengthening was necessary, is certainly possible (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 317 n. 107). Metrical lengthening can also be assumed in ἐῆος for *ἐέος; often ἑῆος (so mostly the mss.) seems to stand for *ἑῆο = *ἑεῖο, *ἑέο `sui', from ε῝, ἑέ `se' (s. v.); cf. ἐμεῖο = ἐμέο from ἐμέ. The comparison of ἐυ- with Skt. su- points to * h₁su-. One should compare Hitt. aššuš `good, useful, pleasant', n. `good, possession, prosperity' (Friedrich IF 41, 370ff.; further Hier.-Hitt. wa-su(-u), with w- added?; Kronasser Μνημης χάριν 1, 201). On the one hand Skt. vásu-, Av. vohu- `good', with further Gaulish PN like Bello-vēsus and Ir. feb f. `eminence', and Illyr. gen. Ves-cleveses (cf. Εὑ-κλέης, Skt. vásu-śravas-). Further the expression δωτῆρες, δῶτορ ἐάων (ritual formula?, Shipp Studies 24) has a pendant in Skt. dātā́ vásūnām (beside dā́tā vásu [acc.]. Certain traces of digamma fail ( ἕτερος δε ἐάων Ω 528 is young). We must also reckon with merger of IE * esu- and *u̯esu-. - See Schwyzer 432 n. 8, 433 n. 1, 476: 7, 574 κ; also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 201; 254; 274. - S. also ὑγιής, where the laryngeal will have been lost in the compound. - Hoffmann, (1975\/6) 593-604 suggests that ἑηος continues hysterodynamic *h₁u̯esu̯-os.
    Page in Frisk: 1,594-595

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐύς

  • 3 πύκα

    Grammatical information: Adv.
    Meaning: `dense, solid', metaph. `careful, sensible' (Hom.).
    Derivatives: Beside it πυκάζω, Dor. - άσδω (Theoc.), aor. πυκά-σ(σ)αι, pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πεπύκασμαι, quite rarely with περι- a.o., `to tighten, to enclose tightly, to encase compactly, to cover' (ep. poet., late prose) with πύκασμα n. `encased, covered object' (Sm.). Adj. πυκνός, ep. lyr. also πυκινός, `dense, solid, compacted, numerous, strong, brave, clever' (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. πυκνό-σαρκος `with solid flesh' (Hp., Arist.). From it πυκν-ότης f. `density, closeness etc.' (IA.), - άκις = πολλάκις (Arist.), - όω `to make dense, to tighten etc.' (IA.) with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός; - άζω `to be numerous' (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member πυκι- in πυκι-μηδής (- μήδης) = μήδεα πυκνά (Γ 202, 208) ἔχων, `with close mind, considerate, sensible' (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On ἄμπυξ s. v.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The forms πύκα: πυκνός: πυκι-μηδής form a system; with πύκα: πυκνός cf. esp. the in meaning close θαμά: θάμνος (s. vv.). To this πυκινός (after πυκι-μηδής?) like (he analog. built?) θαμινός, ἁδινός a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): πυκνός, θάμνος from πυκινός, *θάμυνος syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together ἄμ-πυξ: Av. pus-ā `diadem' [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with πρόσ-φυξ: φυγ-η, points to a primary verb IE *puḱ- `fasten etc.' (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by πυκάζω. As denominative of πύκα without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), πυκάζω because of the very limited use of πύκα can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. puth `I kiss', puthtohem `clothe myself narrow, string myself, embrace' (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi l.c. Toch. A puk `all, complete, every' remains far already because the B-form po; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v. -- The evidence for IE *puḱ- (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that πυκνός etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.
    Page in Frisk: 2,622-623

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύκα

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